Iingcebiso kubaPhaki abaBalekayo, inkqubo yokuSeta, kunye neNgqwalaselo yokuPhuma kweNdawo

1.Ubunzulu kakhulu iseti isakhono.Iimeko ezifuna ukuba iipakhi zemveliso zibekwe nzulu kakhulu (12,000 feet/3,658m +) zibonisa imfuneko yokuseta iindlela ezingaxhomekekanga kuguqulo lwetyhubhu, ezizezi, iipaki ze hydraulic kunye ne electric line set packers. Oku kungenxa yokwanda okunokwenzeka kokunyangwa kweetyhubhu (ingakumbi ukujikeleza) iingxaki ezinobunzulu obongeziweyo. I-hydraulic kunye ne-electric wireline setting systems zikhululekile kulo mda onokwenzeka. Olona khetho ludumileyo lwepakethe kwizicelo ezinzulu luseti ye-E/L okanye isethi ye-hydraulic esisigxina. Ukukhethwa kwesigxina kunokubuyisela mhlawumbi kungenxa yezinye iimeko ezidla ngokukhapha amaqula anzulu. Ezi meko (iqondo lobushushu elongeziweyo kunye neemfuno zokwahluka koxinzelelo) zilula kwaye zihlala zaneliseka ziimpawu zoyilo olusisigxina.

2.Inkqubo yokumisela i-Packer ngaphandle kwempompo okanye iyunithi yomgca wombane-(isethi yomatshini).Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kufuneke kusetyenziswe indlela ethile yokumisela umpakishi ngenxa yokuba izixhobo zenkxaso ezinxulumeneyo azifumaneki ukuphumeza umsebenzi wokumisela ngezinye iindlela. Umzekelo, ukuba impompo yodaka ayifumaneki kwi-hydraulic setting kwaye iyunithi yombane yombane ayifumaneki kwi-wireline setting ke i-mechanical set packer yinto eseleyo.

3.Ukubeka kumbhobho ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwe-tubing-(iseti ye-hydraulic).Ukuba amandla okuseta umgca wombane awufumaneki ngesizathu esithile kwaye iimeko zomngxuma okanye izixhobo zokuphatha umbhobho zenza kube nzima okanye kungenzeki ukuguqulwa kweetyhubhu, ukusetwa kwe-hydraulic lukhetho oluseleyo. Olona khetho ludumileyo kule meko luqhelekileyo lwe-hydraulic set packers retrievable packers okanye iipackers ezisisigxina. Nangona kunjalo, kunikwe ezinye iingqalelo ezibandakanya ukufumaneka, enye into enokuthi ikhethwe kukusetyenziswa kwepakethe yokumisela umgca wombane (isigxina okanye i-retrievable) i-run-on tubing ngesixhobo sokumisela i-hydraulic. Esi siqwenga sesixhobo se-accessory sisuswa kwiqula kunye ne-tubing emva kokuba isetyenziselwa ukuseta ipakethe.

4.Qhuba kwaye usete ipakethe ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo-(iseti yocingo).Ngamanye amaxesha kunqweneleka okanye kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwazi ukuqhuba kwaye usethe ipakethe ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka. Kule meko, imfuno ihlala ihambelana nenye imfuno - imfuneko yokuplaga iqula. Iipakethi zokumisela umgca wombane, nokuba zisisigxina okanye zibuyiswa, zibhekwa njengezona zifanelekileyo. Indawo ezininzi zezixhobo ezifumanekayo ukuze zisetyenziswe naba paki ukufezekisa le mfuno inxulumeneyo yokuplaga. Ukuchaneka kobunzulu bokumisela kufezekiswa ngokudibanisa ubunzulu usebenzisa i-collar locator yombane eqhutywa ngaphezu kwesixhobo sokumisela.

5.Umbhobho womsila onzima othwelwe phantsi kompakishi-(uqhagamshelo oluluqilima ngokupakisha).Ukuze umpakishi akwazi ukuthwala ubude bombhobho obude ngaphantsi kwayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba umpakishi abe ne-mandrel eqinileyo ukuya kumsonto wetyhubhu esezantsi okanye ukuba akunjalo, indlela yokukhupha kufuneka ivumele indlela eyomeleleyo eyaneleyo yokuthwala indawo yokubaleka ukuthwala ubunzima. Abanye abapakishi banokufuna izixhobo zokuncedisa okanye ukuguqulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufumaneka kwakhona emva kokuseta. Abanye banokulinganiselwa kubungakanani bobunzima obunokuthi buqhutywe ngezikhonkwane zokumisela. Oku kuyinyaniso kwezinye iipaki zehydraulic. Kwakhona, kwimeko yokupakisha umbane wombane, ukuba ubunzima bombhobho budlula umlinganiselo ophakanyisiweyo we-tensile yomgca ngokwawo, kuya kufuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe i-accessory hydraulic setting tool.

6.I-packer hydraulic setting procedure kunye ne-low set pressure-(indawo enkulu yokubeka ipiston).Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukukwazi ukuseta ipakethe ye-hydraulically usebenzisa uxinzelelo lwempompo ephantsi ngenxa yezixhobo zenkxaso ezingaphezulu okanye ezisezantsi okanye ukugqitywa koxinzelelo lwezixhobo zokugqiba. Ukucinga ukuba uninzi lweepakethe zezinto ezibekwe malunga namandla afanayo kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla alinganiselwe, ke ekuphela kwento eyahlukileyo yindawo yepiston. Ezinye iipakethe zehydraulic ziyilwe ngendawo enkulu yepiston. Iindawo zepiston ziya kuthi, ngokuqinisekileyo, zixhomekeke kubungakanani kunye noxinzelelo lwemida yoyilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ipiston ephindwe kabini inokusetyenziselwa ukuthoba uxinzelelo oluyimfuneko kumandla omiselweyo afunekayo.

7.Iisethi ezininzi / ukukhutshwa kuhambo olufanayo-(i-mechanical-set retrievable).Amaxesha amaninzi iimeko ezifanelekileyo kunye neenjongo zokusebenza zenza kube yimfuneko ukuqhuba ipakethe enokuthi ibekwe kwaye ikhutshwe ngamaxesha amaninzi. Ziliqela iifitsha zoyilo loyilo lweepakethe ezifunekayo kolu buchule. Nangona kunjalo, iindibaniselwano ezinokwenzeka zintsonkothile kwaye akufuneki zichazwe ngoku. Ezi packers ngokubanzi zibizwa ngokuba "yi-hook wall packers", zenzelwe ngokukodwa ezi mfuno.

8.Isakhono seplagi yebhulorho efumanekayo, uxinzelelo olunamacala amabini, iityhubhu kunye nesipakisho esinokubuyiswa.Ikhono lokusebenzisa ipakethe yemveliso njengeplagi yebhulorho efumanekayo iyanqweneleka kwiimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokugqitywa. Ngokusisiseko, obu buchule buthetha ngokulula ukuba umpakishi unokushiywa emngxunyeni kwimeko eplagiweyo (i-tubing ifunyanwa ngokwahlukeneyo). Ukuqhubela phambili ukulungelelanisa inkcazo, umpakishi kufuneka abe ne-bi-directional pressure yokubamba amandla kwaye umpakishi ngokwawo kufuneka abuyiswe.

Ngenxa yokuba iipakhi zemveliso ziyilelwe ukuveliswa, amandla okuplaga ayimfuneko ngokwendalo ayinxalenye yayo nayiphi na ipakethe yemveliso kwaye kufuneka yongezwe njengesixhobo sokuncedisa. Izahluli zetywina zetyhubhu ezingaphezulu, iivalvu zeflapa, iivalvu zeenyawo, iingono zetyhubhu ezineeplagi zocingo kunye neeplagi zokutywina ezibuyiswayo yonke imizekelo yezixhobo ezinjalo zokuncedisa. Olona ngqamaniso lusebenzayo lweentlobo zokupakisha kunye neentlobo zezixhobo zokuplaga zixhomekeke kuyilo ngalunye.

9.Isakhono seplagi yebhulorho esisigxina, uxinzelelo lwe-bidirectional, umpakishi osisigxina.Kwale ndlela isisiseko isetyenziswayo kwisakhono seplagi yebhulorho esisigxina njengoko inokubuyiswa kodwa ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuphinda ifumaneke. Kwakhona, izixhobo zokuplaga ze-accessory ziyafana.

10.Baleka kwaye usete kumngxunya otenxileyo/ogoso, baleka kwityhubhu, isakhono sokuseta ihydraulic.Ukugrumba iqonga ngaphandle konxweme kunye nezinye iimeko ezinzima zokomba namhlanje zivelise inani elikhulu lamaqula atenxe kakhulu okanye athe tyaba. Ngenxa yobunzima obuthile bokuguqulwa kwetyhubhu engaphantsi komngxuma, ngakumbi ukujikeleza, abapakishi bemitshini abanqweneleki ngokubanzi. Ezo zifuna imijikelo emininzi kubunzulu endaweni ye-1/3 ukujika zinganako ukuzisa iingxaki zokumisela. Abapakisheli abafuna ukujikeleziswa ukuze bakhululwe banokukhokelela kubunzima bokusebenza.

Umbane wokuseta umthamo wombane unokuba yingxaki phantsi kwezi meko zomthombo ngenxa yokuba akukho bunzima bombhobho obukhoyo ukuze boyise ukungqubuzana phakathi kwendibano yokupakisha kunye ne-casing emngxunyeni ophambukayo, kwaye amathuba okufumana umpakishi kubunzulu ayancipha. Ekugqityweni okuthe tye, oku kuya kuba ngaphandle kombuzo.

Izipakishi zeeseti zeHydraulic okanye iipakethi eziqhutywa kwiinkqubo zokuseta ulwelo loxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic zinokwenzeka ukuba zibe yimpumelelo kuba azifuni kuguqulwa kweetyhubhu kwaye zinokuthatha inzuzo yobunzima bombhobho.

11.Ukulunywa ngokulula kwamatywina kumngxuma otenxileyo-(intloko ye-scoop).Kwakhona inxulunyaniswa nemingxuma etenxileyo yingxaki enokwenzeka yokuhlaba iiyunithi zokutywina kwipaki. Abapakishi abaneentloko ezikhethekileyo "iintloko ze-scoop" okanye izikhokelo zetyhubhu zizona zicwangciso zokunciphisa ithuba lale ngxaki. Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele yi-ID yopakisho. I-ID enkulu (kunye ne-OD yamatywina), inkulu ithuba lokuphumelela kwimpumelelo. Isikhokelo esithi "Muleshoe" sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwindibano yokutywina ukunyusa amathuba okuhlaba kumpakishi. Ubungakanani besikhokelo seMuleshoe buxhomekeke ngokwendalo kwi-OD yetywina. Inkulu i-OD yetywina, inkulu isikhokelo seMuleshoe. Oku kufuneka kubangele umtya olula. Kukwakho nezikhokelo zeMuleshoe kwimarike eziphinda-phindana ngokunyuka nokuhla kwentshukumo yetyhubhu.

Baleka kwaye usete uhlobo lodaka olunzima, baleka kwi-tubing. Ngamanye amaxesha iimeko ezifanelekileyo zenza kube yimfuneko ukubaleka kwaye usethe umpakishi kudaka olunzima. Iipakethi zokumisela umgca wombane zizihlandlo ezininzi ezingafunekiyo ngenxa yokuba ixesha lokuhamba kudaka olubonakalayo lunokuba lude kakhulu okanye lunokuba nzima ukufumana ukudibanisa ubunzulu ukuba udaka lukwimeko embi. Ubunzima bendibano ngokwayo busenokunganeli.

Njengakwimithombo etenxileyo okanye egoso, abapakishi babaleka kwi-tubing banenzuzo yobunzima bombhobho. Kwakhona, isethi yomatshini (ingakumbi isethi yokujikeleza okuphindaphindiweyo) abapakishi banokubangela ingxaki. Iimeko zodaka ezimbi zingabangela ubunzima bokufumana ukunyakaza okufunekayo phakathi kweendawo ezihambayo ukuze ufumane i-packer set.

Nokuba enye indlela eseleyo, ukusetwa kwe-hydraulic akukho ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinokwenzeka. Imfuneko yokulahla ibhola yokumisela okanye ukuqhuba iplagi ye-wireline yodaka olunzima inokuba yingxaki kwaye idle ixesha ukuba udaka lukwimeko embi. Ithuba lokuwohloka kweemeko zodaka liphezulu kuba, ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuchitha ixesha elide, ukujikeleza ukuya ngaphantsi akunakwenzeka.

12.Shiya i-tubing kwi-tension, i-slips ephezulu, okanye i-latch yangaphakathi.Iimeko zokusebenza ezifuna ukuba iityhubhu ibekwe kwindawo exineneyo zininzi. Iimeko zemveliso ezifana nemingxuma esezantsi equkuqelayo kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kuya kuba ngumzekelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-pocket gas lift mandrels kunye nomsebenzi wenkonzo ye-wireline ehambelana rhoqo kuya kwenza ukuba kube yinto enqwenelekayo ukugcina i-tubing ikwi-tension ukuze isebenze kakuhle.

Ukuba ipaketheli iza kusetyenziswa kwaye iityhubhu ibekwe kwi-tension, umpakishi kufuneka abe nesethi yeziliphu eziphezulu. Ukuba umpakishi une-bypass edibeneyo, kufuneka kwakhona ibe ne-latch yangaphakathi yolunye uhlobo ukuze i-bypass ihlale ivaliwe xa i-tubing ifakwe kwi-tension. Abapakishi bodidi olusisigxina okanye olutywiniweyo olunokubuyiswa lunokusetyenziselwa le njongo okoko nje kukho indawo yokukhangela enxulumene nohlobo lokufunyaniswa oluqhutywa kunye nendibano yetywina. Umchasi kwezi mfuno kukuba umpakethi osezantsi oneletshi kunye nesixhobo sokubamba phezulu sisetyenziselwa ukuseta ipakethe yeelementi yepakethe ephezulu ngaphandle kweziliphu eziphezulu. Ezi zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicelo zokwahlulwa kwendawo.

13.Shiya iityhubhu kuxinzelelo, ukutyibilika okusezantsi, okanye ukumisa okusezantsi.Isidingo sokushiya i-tubhing ishiywe ngaphandle kuxinzelelo luhlala lunxulumene nemisebenzi yonyango enokwenzeka elandelayo. Uxinzelelo luhlala lushiywe ukoyisa ukucutheka kwetyhubhu edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokunyanga. Iseti yeziliphu ezisezantsi ziyimfuneko ukuvumela olu khetho lokuphuma kwesithuba. Ukuphela kokungafaniyo kukuba ipakethi esezantsi isetyenziswe njengendawo yokumisa i-packer ephezulu ngaphandle kweziliphu ezisezantsi. Ezi zinxaxhi zifumaneka rhoqo kwizicelo zokwahlulwa kwendawo.

14.Shiya iityhubhu kwindawo engathathi hlangothi (Indawo engathathi hlangothi ekugrumbeni), ucinezele lotshixo kwipakethe yento.Isidingo sokushiya i-tubing ngokungathathi hlangothi sinokuveliswa yintlobo enkulu yeemeko zokusebenza okanye iinjongo. Ngokubanzi, iityhubhu kwindawo engathathi hlangothi inika indawo yokuhlala yokwandisa iityhubhu ngexesha lemveliso kunye nokucutheka kwetyhubhu ngenxa yemisebenzi yonyango. Ukuba akukho msebenzi ukhokelela kwintshukumo egqithisileyo, ke le meko ingathathi hlangothi yokuphuma kwesithuba inokuba yeyona ilungileyo. Ukuze umpakishi akwazi ukuqhutywa kwaye ukusetwa kunye netyhubhu eshiywe ngokungathathi hlangothi, umpakishi kufuneka abe namandla oxinzelelo lwe-bi-directional kwaye kufuneka abe noyilo olunjalo kangangokuba ucinezelo lwe elementi lulondolozwe ngenye indlela ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwetyhubhu okanye Uxinzelelo. Oku “kuyazenzekela” kubapakishi abasisigxina kunye nohlobo lwetywina olunokubuyiswa kodwa kubapakishi abanokubuyiswa, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka indlela yangaphakathi yokufaka iletshi.

Umgca weVigor weemveliso zokupakisha unamathela ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho ye-API 11 D1. Ngoku sinikezela ngoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweentlobo ezintandathu zokupakisha, zonke ezifumene indumiso ephezulu kubathengi bethu. Ukusabela kwimfuno ekhulayo, amaqela ethu obugcisa kunye nokuthenga ajongana nezisombululo ezizezona zifanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilungiselelweyo.

Nokuba unomdla kwiimveliso zethu zokupakisha, ukugrumba kunye nokugqibezela izixhobo zokugawulwa kwemithi, okanye iinkonzo ze-OEM, sizimisele ukubonelela ngelona nqanaba liphezulu lenkxaso yobuchwephesha. Nceda uzive ukhululekile ukufikelela kuthi ngolwazi oluthe kratya.